{"id":3298,"date":"2020-09-05T12:45:26","date_gmt":"2020-09-05T10:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sonnenallee.sma.de\/?p=3298"},"modified":"2022-11-30T16:17:47","modified_gmt":"2022-11-30T15:17:47","slug":"saving-climate-with-negative-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sonnenallee.sma.de\/en\/climate-change\/saving-climate-with-negative-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Like It or Not, We\u2019ll Have to Play God"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"swe-post-header swe-post-header-image-right\"><div class=\"info\"><h1 itemprop=\"headline\">Like It or Not, We\u2019ll Have to Play God<\/h1><div class=\"subtitle\">Without geoengineering it may well no longer be possible to save the climate.<\/div><div class=\"blog-tags\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sonnenallee.sma.de\/en\/tag\/climate-change\/\" rel=\"tag\" class=\"tag\">#Climate and change<\/a><\/div><div class=\"boxes\"><div class=\"wpulike sonnenallee-display wp_ulike_general_class\"><div class=\"grid\"><div class=\"count-box\"><span class=\"count-box\">2<\/span><\/div><div class=\"symbol\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"time\">4 Min.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"preview\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sonnenallee.sma.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/negative_emission_water.jpg\"\/><div class=\"boxes callout\"><button class=\"share\">Share<\/button>    <div class=\"wpulike  sonnenallee-interactive\"><div class=\"wp_ulike_general_class wp_ulike_is_not_liked\"><button type=\"button\"\n                    data-ulike-id=\"3298\"\n                    data-ulike-nonce=\"6cd01d5b9d\"\n                    data-ulike-type=\"post\"\n                    data-ulike-template=\"sonnenallee-interactive\"\n                    data-ulike-display-likers=\"0\"\n                    data-ulike-likers-style=\"popover\"\n                    class=\"wp_ulike_btn wp_ulike_put_text wp_post_btn_3298\"><span>Like<\/span>            <\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div><div class=\"av-share-box hidden callout\"><div class=\"share-content\"><span class=\"close\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold-child_sonnenallee\/images\/icons\/kreuz-dunkel.svg\"\/><\/span><h1>Share article<\/h1><h2>How do you want to share the article?<\/h2><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class=\"av-share-link av-social-link-mail\"><a aria-label=\"mail\" href=\"mailto:?body=https%3A%2F%2Fsonnenallee.sma.de%2Fen%2Fclimate-change%2Fsaving-climate-with-negative-emissions%2F&amp;subject=Like%20It%20or%20Not%2C%20We%E2%80%99ll%20Have%20to%20Play%20God\" title target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sonnenallee.sma.de\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold-child_sonnenallee\/images\/mail.png\"\/><span class=\"avia_hidden_link_text\">mail<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"av-share-link av-social-link-facebook\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsonnenallee.sma.de%2Fen%2Fclimate-change%2Fsaving-climate-with-negative-emissions%2F&amp;t=Like%20It%20or%20Not%2C%20We%E2%80%99ll%20Have%20to%20Play%20God\" title target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sonnenallee.sma.de\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold-child_sonnenallee\/images\/facebook.png\"\/><span class=\"avia_hidden_link_text\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header>\n<div class=\"swe-post-container\">\n<div class=\"swe-author author\"><p><strong>Text:<\/strong> Martin Brunner, 05.09.2020<\/p><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-hm5a1-04a1b10d35550a643b98b6cb1ed0bc82'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>The term <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.de\/themen\/nachhaltigkeit-strategien-internationales\/umweltrecht\/umweltvoelkerrecht\/geoengineering-governance#was-ist-geoengineering\"><strong>geoengineering<\/strong><\/a><strong> is a red flag to many people. But without geoengineering \u2013 i.e. the deliberate and purposeful large-scale intervention in the climate system of the earth \u2013 it may well no longer be possible to save the climate. What options do we have and who is making sure that nothing goes wrong in the process?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lb3sjymx-76457b80cf531a4ebc3c893700e7148c\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-lb3sjymx-76457b80cf531a4ebc3c893700e7148c{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-lb3sjymx-76457b80cf531a4ebc3c893700e7148c hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-hm5a1-3-269069e3da3fa4e02b4fc84ba08f9bca\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-hm5a1-3-269069e3da3fa4e02b4fc84ba08f9bca .avia_textblock{\n-webkit-column-count:2;\n-moz-column-count:2;\ncolumn-count:2;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-hm5a1-3-269069e3da3fa4e02b4fc84ba08f9bca'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>It really is enough to make you tear your hair out. We had plenty of time to achieve the Paris climate targets. Even as recently as 2018, the Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology came to the conclusion that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/deutschland-k%C3%B6nnte-klimaziele-problemlos-erreichen\/a-45118746\">Germany can still achieve its climate protection goal<\/a> in its \u201cEnergy Scenario 2020\u201d study. Everything would have been doable. Instead, electric utility company RWE is currently blithely expanding open-cast mining operations once more. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcc-berlin.net\/en\/about.html\">MCC<\/a> in Berlin estimates in a policy brief that we have five years left based on current global CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions. After that, according to the MCC, the global CO<sub>2<\/sub> budget \u2013 with which the set goal of limiting global warming to a maximum of 1.5\u00b0C is still achievable \u2013 will be completely exhausted, if we continue at the current level. However, there is a preference for taking out \u201ccarbon mortgages\u201d rather than making reductions.<\/p>\n<p>Can we ever repay those carbon debts? No. Well, at least not while we continue to hold on to a system of economics and values based on constant growth. Well, unless&#8230; Yes, unless we find ways and means that enable us to actively remove greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the atmosphere. It is indeed possible to bring about negative emissions, but the impact of the current methods ranges from insufficient to potentially catastrophic. The MCC refers to negative emissions as an \u201cuncertain means of paying off carbon debt,\u201d because each of the approaches put forward up to now contains a huge \u201cbut.\u201d Yet, there may not be a way around geoengineering, which is why the field urgently requires extensive research.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Negative emissions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>There are many different ideas for how negative emissions might be achieved. Some of them are very simple, while others represent major technological challenges. All of them mean considerable extra expenditure, however.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Afforestation and reforestation<\/strong><br \/>\nGrowing trees is relatively inexpensive and does remove CO<sub>2<\/sub> from the atmosphere. However, afforestation takes up large areas, which puts it in conflict with food cultivation. In addition, huge amounts of water are needed to ensure that the saplings flourish. On top of that, researchers discovered that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-10174-4\">afforestation is not really effective<\/a> at all, because while the trees may actually grow faster due to the already high CO<sub>2<\/sub> content in the air, they will also die significantly earlier. Thus, greenhouse gas cannot be captured in sufficient quantities or for a sufficiently long time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biochar<br \/>\n<\/strong>Partially burnt biomass is added to the soil. This improves the ability of the soil to absorb CO<sub>2<\/sub>. However, not enough research has yet been carried out on the extent to which the soil would have to be supplemented and the impact this would have on soil life. In 2016, Germany\u2019s Federal Environment Agency published a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.de\/sites\/default\/files\/medien\/378\/publikationen\/texte_04_2016_chancen_und_risiken_des_einsatzes_von_biokohle.pdf\">study on biochar<\/a> that provides first insights on the amount of research that will actually be required.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)<br \/>\n<\/strong>Plants convert CO<sub>2<\/sub> into biomass that is then burnt, thereby supplying energy. The CO<sub>2<\/sub> released during burning is captured and injected into the earth for permanent storage there. However, that uses up enormous amounts of land, the costs are very high and the people living in the affected areas refuse to accept huge amounts of greenhouse gas being pumped into the ground near their homes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enhanced weathering<\/strong><br \/>\nWeathering is a term that describes the natural decomposition of rock. When it rains, certain rock minerals are dissolved in the rainwater, the resulting solution draws carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Thus, it would be possible to add crushed minerals to the soil to chemically capture CO<sub>2<\/sub> from the atmosphere. However, this method does not supply any energy; it only consumes it. And, as with biochar, there is insufficient research in this area.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_swe_special_images '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full flex_column_div  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr \"><div class=\"swe-special-images swe-special-images-1 subtitle\"><div class=\"image-container image-container-image-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sonnenallee.sma.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/negaitve_emission_climatechange_alge.jpg\" alt=\"\" aria-label=\"Power of algae: To stimulate the growth of algae, iron or other nutrients are added to the ocean, because the more algae there are, the more CO2 they can absorb.\" \/><\/div><span class=\"image-subtitle\"><span class=\"image-subtitle-inner image-description\">Power of algae: To stimulate the growth of algae, iron or other nutrients are added to the ocean, because the more algae there are, the more CO2 they can absorb.<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_swe_special_images  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-hm5a1-2-2a8badd8a38d92897f76e233d8211f4b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-hm5a1-2-2a8badd8a38d92897f76e233d8211f4b .avia_textblock{\n-webkit-column-count:2;\n-moz-column-count:2;\ncolumn-count:2;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-hm5a1-2-2a8badd8a38d92897f76e233d8211f4b'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Ocean fertilization<\/strong><br \/>\nIron or other nutrients are added to the ocean to foster algae growth. The theory is simple: the more algae there are in the ocean, the more CO<sub>2<\/sub> they can absorb. When they eventually die off, they will sink to the ocean floor, taking all the captured CO<sub>2<\/sub> with them. In theory, that is. In practice, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/iron-dumping-ocean-experiment-sparks-controversy-1.22031?WT.mc_id=FBK_NatureNews&#038;sf81193889=1\">effectiveness of this method is disputed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Air filtering (DAC)<\/strong><br \/>\nCO<sub>2<\/sub> is extracted from the ambient air through chemical processes and stored in the ground. In theory, this would indeed allow a large amount of CO<sub>2<\/sub> to be removed from the atmosphere. However, on the needed scale, this method would require one third of the current global energy supply.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Climate-saving: god level<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Centre for Climate Repair (CCR) at Cambridge University is also dedicated to conducting research into methods for reducing GHG emissions and negative emissions. However, with its third research focus, the CCR goes one crucial step further. It also evaluates options for climate repair. The key questions here are which new technologies could be used to return critical elements of the climate system to an undamaged condition and what are the legal, economic, political and ethical ramifications of this?<\/p>\n<p>For example, efforts are being made to refreeze the poles. To this end, uncrewed ships in the polar seas could <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-48069663\">spray seawater mist into the clouds<\/a>. As a result, the clouds would be enriched with tiny particles of salt, resulting in them becoming more widespread and reflecting more sunlight, thus bringing about cooler temperatures below the veil of clouds.<\/p>\n<p>Another option for solar radiation management would be to introduce sulfur dioxide across the entire stratosphere, which would also form reflective particles. Even positioning mirrors in space is now being considered in order to reflect solar radiation and thus lower surface temperatures on earth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>We have to examine all options<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The CCR emphasizes that the situation has now become so serious that approaches to saving the climate that were previously considered too time-consuming, too expensive or too risky also have to be considered. The global climate is connected to all kinds of ecosystems. The earth as a biosphere is such a highly complex system that, to this day, science has not been able to fully understand its correlations \u2013 and perhaps it never will. The methods that are intended to rescue us from climate catastrophe entail invasive interventions in this system on a massive scale. We can, at best, venture a vague guess as to the scope of the consequences of these interventions. This makes institutions such as the CCR and the MCC all the more important. They try to shine a light on all aspects of geoengineering methods from a scientific and ethical perspective in order to provide a bigger picture that is as clear and as comprehensive as possible. Only in this way can rational decisions be made. Only in this way can we keep ourselves from accidentally speeding up the impending apocalypse by making rash last-minute decisions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_swe_recent_posts '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"swe-recent-posts\"><div data-slider-controls class=\"swe-recent-posts-buttons\"><button data-prev class=\"slider-arrow left no-hover\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold-child_sonnenallee\/images\/icons\/pfeil.svg\"\/><\/button><button data-next class=\"slider-arrow right no-hover\"><img decoding=\"async\" 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class=\"btn inverted\">Close article<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Negative emissions remove CO2 from the system. What options do we have and who takes care that nothing goes wrong?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":3295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"1","beyondwords_project_id":"16115","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"#404: Record not found","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"4889102","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"Updated","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[85],"class_list":["post-3298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change","tag-climate-change"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Like It or Not, We\u2019ll Have to Play God - Sonnenallee<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Negative emissions extract CO2 from the system for the benefit of climate protection. 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